Quantum Software Engineering Challenges from Developers' Perspective: Mapping Research Challenges to the Proposed Workflow Model

Despite the increasing interest in quantum computing, the aspect of development to achieve cost-effective and reliable quantum software applications has been slow. One barrier is the software engineering of quantum programs, which can be approached from two directions. On the one hand, many software engineering practices, debugging in particular, are bound to classical computing. On the other hand, quantum programming is closely associated with the phenomena of quantum physics, and consequently, the way we express programs resembles the early days of programming. Moreover, much of the software engineering research today focuses on agile development, where computing cycles are cheap and new software can be rapidly deployed and tested, whereas in the quantum context, executions may consume lots of energy, and test runs may require lots of work to interpret. In this paper, we aim at bridging this gap by starting with the quantum computing workflow and by mapping existing software engineering research to this workflow. Based on the mapping, we then identify directions for software engineering research for quantum computing.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figur

A Novel Nanometric Fault Tolerant Reversible Subtractor Circuit

Abstract: Reversibility plays an important role when energy efficient computations are considered. Reversible logic circuits have received significant attention in quantum computing, low power CMOS design, optical information processing and nanotechnology in the recent years. This study proposes a new fault tolerant reversible half-subtractor and a new fault tolerant reversible full-subtractor circuit with nanometric scales. Also in this paper we demonstrate how the well-known and important, PERES gate and TR gate can be synthesized from parity preserving reversible gates. All the designs have nanometric scales

CHFM: Cluster-based and Hierarchical Fault Management to Fault Detection and Network Connectivity Recovery in Wireless Sensor Networks

Abstract: Due to the shared wireless communication medium, harsh developed environments and resources limitation, wireless sensor networks (WSN) are inherently fault-prone. Among these limitations, energy problem is one of the most constraining factors and node failure due to crash and energy exhaustion is usual. It is essential for the WSN to be able to detect faults early and institute recovery actions in order to avoid destruction of service due to faults. In this paper we propose a cluster based method for fault detection and network connectivity recovery which uses some of the nodes as gateway nodes in the network for implementing of voting mechanism. Simulation Results show that the proposed algorithm is energy efficient and its performance is more efficient than previous ones

Optimized Nanometric Fault Tolerant Reversible BCD Adder

Abstract: In this study a novel nanometric fault tolerant quantum and reversible binary coded decimal adder is proposed. Reversible logic has found emerging attentions in optical information processing, quantum computing, nanotechnology and low power design. BCD Adder is a combinational circuit that can be used for the addition of two numbers in BCD arithmetic's. The proposed reversible BCD adder has also parity preserving property. It is better than all the existing counterparts. The proposed circuit is optimized. It is compared with the existing circuits in terms of number of constant inputs, number of garbage outputs, quantum cost and hardware complexity. All of the parameters are improved dramatically. It is to be noted that all the circuits have nanometric scales

DO L-ARGININE AND L-NAME ALTER CORONARY VASCULAR AND AORTIC ENDOTHELIAL PERMEABILITY IN NORMAL- AND HIGH-CHOLESTEROL-FED RATS?

Abstract &nbsp;&nbsp; INTRODUCTION: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of L-arginine (L-Arg) and L-NAME on coronary vascular and aortic endothelial permeability in normocholesterolemic (NC) and hypercholesterolemic (HC) rats. &nbsp;&nbsp; METHODS: Forty-eight male rats were divided into NC and HC groups and each group was divided into L-Arginine-treated, L-NAME-treated and control subgroups. L-Arg (2.25%) and L-NAME (0.75 mg/ml) were dissolved in drinking water and control groups received tap water. After 8 weeks, endothelial permeability was assessed by using the Evans Blue (EB) dye method. &nbsp;&nbsp; RESULTS: Aortic endothelial permeability was significantly higher in HC group compared to NC group (15.1&plusmn;0.7 vs. 7.7&plusmn;0.8 &micro;gEB/g tissue, respectively; P&lt;0.05). L-Arg and L-NAME treatment decreased aortic endothelial permeability in HC animals (L-Arg: 8.4&plusmn;0.4 &amp; L-NAME: 10.8&plusmn;0.6 vs. 15.1&plusmn;0.7 &micro;gEB/g tissue, respectively; P&lt;0.05). There was no significant difference in endothelial permeability in coronary circulation between HC and NC groups and L-Arg and L-NAME did not alter endothelial permeability. &nbsp;&nbsp; CONCLUSION: It seems that L-Arg and L-NAME have different effects on endothelial permeability based on physiological and pathological conditions and type of vessel. &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; Keywords: L-Arginine, L-NAME, nitric oxide, endothelium, permeability.</p

Novel high-performance QCA Fredkin gate and designing scalable QCA binary to gray and vice versa

In the design of digital logic circuits, QCA technology is an excellent alternative to CMOS technology. Its advantages over CMOS include low power consumption, fast circuit switching, and nanoscale design. Circuits that convert data between different formats are code converters. Code converters have an essential role in high-performance computing and signal processing. In this paper, first, we proposed a novel QCA structure for the quantum reversible Fredkin gate. Second, we proposed 4-bit and 8-bit QCA binary-to-gray converter and vice versa. For the second proposal, both reversible and irreversible structures are suggested. The proposed structures are scalable up to N bits. To change the conversion type from B2G to G2B, we use a 2:1 QCA multiplexer. The proposed QCA Fredkin is applied in the reversible design of QCA code converters as multiplexers. The suggested designs are simulated using the QCADesigner tool. Then we calculated figures of merit, including cell counts, occupied areas, and clock zones. Finally, we compare the proposed structures to existing research. Our proposed approach is the first quantum-dot cellular automata design to perform B2G conversion and G2B in a single QCA circuit. The proposed designs are scalable. Specifications are reported.peerReviewe